Celsius to Fahrenheit

Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit is the temperature conversion Americans meet most often, because weather forecasts, recipes, and science use Celsius while American thermostats, ovens, and everyday conversation use Fahrenheit. The formula is simple: multiply Celsius by 9, divide by 5, and add 32. The free temperature converter above does it instantly, and this page shows the formula, a full table, and worked examples so you can check any answer by hand.

You need Celsius to Fahrenheit when you read a forecast from another country, follow a recipe written in metric units, set an oven, or check a fever on a Celsius thermometer. Twenty degrees Celsius is 68 degrees Fahrenheit, a comfortable room temperature. Thirty-seven degrees Celsius is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, normal body temperature. One hundred degrees Celsius is 212 degrees Fahrenheit, the boiling point of water. The examples below work through the values people look up most.

How Temperature Conversion Works

Temperature conversion is different from length or weight conversion, because the scales do not share a zero point. Celsius and Fahrenheit both measure the same thing, but Celsius puts the freezing point of water at 0 degrees while Fahrenheit puts it at 32 degrees, and the size of one degree differs too: one Celsius degree equals 1.8 Fahrenheit degrees. So converting needs both a multiplication and an addition, not just a multiplication. The free temperature converter above handles both steps instantly, and this page shows the formulas so you can check any answer by hand.

Three scales dominate everyday life. Celsius is the scale of science and of almost every country outside the United States, Fahrenheit is the scale of American weather, cooking, and thermostats, and Kelvin is the scale of science, where zero is absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature. Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius, 32 degrees Fahrenheit, and 273.15 kelvin, and it boils at 100 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit, and 373.15 kelvin. Those two anchor points define all three scales, and every conversion on this page is built from them.

Step-by-step: how to convert

1. Pick the scale you are starting from. Check whether your number is in Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin, and select it in the From box.
2. Pick the scale you want. Choose the target scale in the To box. The Swap button exchanges the two scales if you need the reverse direction.
3. Enter the value. Type the temperature, including decimals or a minus sign if you have them. The result updates as you type, so there is nothing to submit.
4. Choose your precision. Use 2 decimal places for everyday answers, 4 for lab work, and 6 when the result feeds another calculation.
5. Read the full result. The converter shows the temperature in all three scales, so you can copy whichever form you need.

The Temperature Conversion Formulas

To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32: Fahrenheit equals Celsius times 9 over 5, plus 32. So 20 degrees Celsius is 20 times 9 over 5, which is 36, plus 32, which is 68 degrees Fahrenheit. To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9: Celsius equals Fahrenheit minus 32, times 5 over 9. So 68 degrees Fahrenheit is 68 minus 32, which is 36, times 5 over 9, which is 20 degrees Celsius. To convert Kelvin to Celsius, subtract 273.15, and to convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15.

A worked check keeps the arithmetic honest. Zero degrees Celsius times 9 over 5 is 0, plus 32 is 32 degrees Fahrenheit, which is the freezing point of water, as it should be. One hundred degrees Celsius times 9 over 5 is 180, plus 32 is 212 degrees Fahrenheit, which is the boiling point of water. Minus 40 is the famous crossover: minus 40 times 9 over 5 is minus 72, plus 32 is minus 40, so minus 40 degrees is the same on both scales. And 300 kelvin minus 273.15 is 26.85 degrees Celsius, a warm room temperature.

Worked Examples

The table below converts the Celsius values people search for most often. Each row shows the multiplication and the addition of 32, so you can follow the arithmetic.

Take the 37-degree row as the check: 37 times 9 over 5 equals 66.6, plus 32 equals 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, which is normal body temperature. The 20-degree row is the one to remember: 20 times 9 over 5 equals 36, plus 32 equals 68 degrees Fahrenheit, a comfortable room. For a fast estimate, double the Celsius number and add 30: 20 doubled is 40, plus 30 is 70, close to the exact 68.

Temperature Reference Points

The table below lists the temperatures that define the scales and the ones people look up most. Every row is a fixed physical fact, not an estimate, and the converter agrees with all of them.

Common Values at a Glance

These are the Celsius-to-Fahrenheit pairs that come up again and again in weather, cooking, and health. Keep them handy and most conversions become a quick glance.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Most wrong temperature conversions come from a small set of slips. They are easy to make because the formulas have two steps, and skipping either one gives a number that still looks like a temperature.

• Forgetting to add or subtract 32. Multiplying Celsius by 9 over 5 without adding 32 gives 36 for 20 degrees, instead of the correct 68 degrees Fahrenheit. The 32 is the offset between the two zero points.
• Using the wrong direction. Celsius to Fahrenheit multiplies by 9 over 5, but Fahrenheit to Celsius multiplies by 5 over 9. Swapping them gives a wildly wrong answer.
• Treating Kelvin like Celsius. Kelvin has no degrees sign and no negative values. Zero kelvin is absolute zero, and 0 degrees Celsius is 273.15 kelvin, never 0 kelvin.
• Rounding in the middle. Round only the final answer. Rounding 9 over 5 to 1.8 is fine, since 9 over 5 is exactly 1.8, but rounding the intermediate result loses accuracy.
• Confusing a temperature with a temperature change. A rise of 10 Celsius degrees is a rise of 18 Fahrenheit degrees, but 10 degrees Celsius itself is 50 degrees Fahrenheit. The 32 offset applies to temperatures, not to differences.
• Forgetting the minus sign. Minus 10 degrees Celsius is 14 degrees Fahrenheit, not 50. Keep the sign through the whole calculation.

When You Need This Conversion

Temperature conversion shows up in ordinary life whenever an American number meets a metric one, or whenever a recipe, a weather forecast, or a piece of equipment uses the other scale.

• Weather and travel. Forecasts abroad are given in Celsius, while American forecasts use Fahrenheit, and converting tells you what to pack.
• Cooking and baking. Oven temperatures are given in Fahrenheit in American recipes and in Celsius in most others, and converting keeps the dish from burning or undercooking.
• Health. A fever of 38 degrees Celsius is 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit, and knowing both scales helps you read thermometers and medical guidance from any country.
• Science and school. Lab work uses Celsius and Kelvin, while everyday American life uses Fahrenheit, so students convert constantly.
• Home heating and cooling. Thermostats, air conditioners, and heaters are set in Fahrenheit in the United States and in Celsius elsewhere, and converting avoids a freezing or sweltering house.

Tips for Accurate Results

A few habits make every temperature conversion reliable, whether you use the converter above or work it out by hand.

1. Sanity-check with the anchors. Zero Celsius is 32 Fahrenheit, 20 Celsius is 68 Fahrenheit, and 100 Celsius is 212 Fahrenheit. If your answer is far from those, recheck.
2. Remember 9 over 5 is 1.8. Celsius to Fahrenheit is times 1.8 plus 32. That single fact covers the most common direction.
3. Double Celsius and add 30 for a fast estimate. For 20 degrees, double it to 40 and add 30 to get 70, close to the exact 68. For an exact answer, use the formula.
4. Convert back as a check. Convert your answer back to the original scale. If you do not land on your starting number, something went wrong.
5. Watch the sign. Negative temperatures need the minus sign carried through both steps of the formula.

Related Tools

Try the main temperature converter for any value, or explore related tools on this site: speed converter, length converter, time calculator, calorie calculator. The definition of the kelvin from the National Institute of Standards and Technology is the authoritative reference behind the conversion factors used here.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

Multiply Celsius by 9, divide by 5, then add 32. The formula is Fahrenheit equals Celsius times 9 over 5, plus 32.

What is 20 C in Fahrenheit?

Twenty degrees Celsius is 68 degrees Fahrenheit. The calculation is 20 times 9 over 5, which is 36, plus 32, which is 68 F.

What is 37 C in Fahrenheit?

Thirty-seven degrees Celsius is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. The calculation is 37 times 9 over 5, which is 66.6, plus 32, which is 98.6 F. That is normal body temperature.

What is 0 C in Fahrenheit?

Zero degrees Celsius is 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The calculation is 0 times 9 over 5, which is 0, plus 32, which is 32 F. That is the freezing point of water.

What is 100 C in Fahrenheit?

One hundred degrees Celsius is 212 degrees Fahrenheit. The calculation is 100 times 9 over 5, which is 180, plus 32, which is 212 F. That is the boiling point of water.

Why do I add 32 when converting Celsius to Fahrenheit?

Because the two scales put zero in different places. Celsius puts the freezing point of water at 0, while Fahrenheit puts it at 32, so 32 degrees must be added after scaling to line the two scales up.

Disclaimer: This calculator is for general information only. Conversion factors are standard definitions; always confirm critical measurements with a calibrated instrument or an official reference before relying on them for safety, legal, or engineering decisions.